Listeria (Listeria monocytogenes) — Food Safety Glossary

A bacterium that can grow at refrigeration temperatures and poses a serious risk to pregnant women and other vulnerable people.

Frequently asked questions

Why is Listeria different from other food-poisoning bacteria?

Listeria monocytogenes can grow slowly at refrigeration temperatures, so keeping food cold slows but does not stop it. This makes time limits and date marking on chilled ready-to-eat foods especially important.

Who is most at risk from Listeria?

Pregnant women, newborns, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. In pregnancy it can cause miscarriage or stillbirth, so higher-risk foods are best avoided.

Which foods are high risk for Listeria?

Soft and semi-soft cheeses, cold deli meats, pate, pre-prepared or pre-cut salads and fruit, smoked seafood, soft serve and unpasteurised dairy are commonly named higher-risk foods.

How long after exposure do symptoms appear?

The incubation period can be long and variable, sometimes up to several weeks. This delay can make it difficult to link illness back to a particular food.

How should businesses serving vulnerable people manage Listeria?

Follow Standard 3.2.2A where it applies, keep strict temperature control, observe use-by dates, clean and sanitise thoroughly, and avoid higher-risk foods for vulnerable groups in line with health guidance.

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