Potentially hazardous food (PHF) — Food Safety Glossary

Food that must be kept at controlled temperatures because it can support the growth of harmful bacteria or the formation of toxins.

Frequently asked questions

What foods are considered potentially hazardous?

Raw and cooked meat, poultry, seafood, dairy, eggs, cooked rice and pasta, prepared salads, and foods that contain these, such as sandwiches and quiches.

Why are some foods potentially hazardous and others not?

PHF has the moisture, nutrients and acidity that let harmful bacteria grow. Dry, very acidic, very salty or very sugary foods usually do not support that growth.

How must potentially hazardous food be kept?

At or below 5 degrees C when cold, or at or above 60 degrees C when hot, throughout storage, display and transport.

Are bread and dry biscuits potentially hazardous?

No. Dry, shelf-stable foods generally do not support bacterial growth and are not potentially hazardous, though fillings or toppings added to them may be.

Does the 2-hour / 4-hour rule apply to all PHF?

It applies to ready-to-eat potentially hazardous food that has been in the temperature danger zone, helping decide whether to use, refrigerate or discard it.

Temperature danger zone 2-hour / 4-hour rule Ready-to-eat food Time/temperature control Cold holding Food safety glossary Food safety guides
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